Quiz – Repeat Rarity (solved)

Since 1916, many pitchers have accomplished a certain game feat once in a career, several have done it twice, and one even did it three times. But, only these three moundsmen have managed that feat twice in the same season.

Dennis Martinez
Claude Willoughby
Dizzy Dean

What is this most unusual of repeat performances?

Congratulations to John Autin! He correctly identified that these are the only pitchers to start two games in the same season in which an opposing player hit for the cycle. More after the jump.

These are the games, Willoughby pitching for the Phils, Dean for the Cards and Martinez for the Os (I don’t attribute any significance to the fact that two thirds of these batters are HOFers.)

Rk Player Date Tm Opp Rslt PA AB 1B R H 2B 3B HR RBI BB SO HBP BOP Pos Summary
1 Hack Wilson 1930-06-23 CHC PHI W 21-8 6 6 2 3 5 1 1 1 5 0 0 0 4 CF
2 Chick Hafey 1930-08-21 STL PHI W 16-6 5 5 1 3 4 1 1 1 5 0 0 0 5 LF
3 Chuck Klein 1933-05-26 PHI STL L 4-5 6 6 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 3 RF
4 Babe Herman 1933-09-30 CHC STL W 12-2 6 6 1 3 4 1 1 1 4 0 0 0 4 RF
5 George Brett 1979-05-28 KCR BAL W 5-4 8 7 1 3 5 1 1 2 4 1 0 0 3 3B
6 Bob Watson 1979-09-15 BOS BAL W 10-2 5 5 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 6 1B
Provided by Baseball-Reference.com: View Play Index Tool Used
Generated 3/1/2014.

Batters have hit for the cycle 241 times since 1916, led by Babe Herman and Bob Meusel with three games each. Herman in 1931 and Aaron Hill in 2012 are the only batters with two cycle games in the same season (Hill’s two were only 11 days apart). Nineteen other players have two cycles in a career, led by Joe DiMaggio, the only player with 5 hits (and two HR) in both games.

On the pitching side, George Earnshaw has been the starter for 3 cycle games by 3 different HOFers, in 1932, 1933 and 1934. In addition to the three players in the quiz, twelve other pitchers have started two games, in different seasons, with an opponent hitting for the cycle. Some other curiosities:

  • There have been four pitchers (Bill Trotter 1939, Jose Mercedes 2000, Rocky Biddle 2004, Sun-Woo Kim 2004) who started a cycle game and, in the same season, relieved a teammate who started another cycle game (Biddle and Kim were teammates for the Expos in their final season in Montreal).
  • Matt Harrison was on the mound for both of Adrian Beltre‘s cycles, once as the opposing pitcher and once as Beltre’s teammate.
  • Beltre’s first cycle came on Sep 1, 2008, one of two dates with cycles in two different games (Stephen Drew had the other for Arizona in 2008). The other date was almost 88 years earlier, on Sep 17, 1920, when George Burns and Bobby Veach helped the Giants and Tigers to extra-inning walk-off wins.
  • There were 8 cycle games in 2009, tied with 1933 for the most in any season (and also tied with the cycle-starved 1951-60 decade).
    • Included in the 2009 cycles were three in a 5-day period in April and another three in a 13-day period in August.
    • In 1933, four of the eight cycles came in a 16-day period in August, including 3 in succession by the Athletics against 3 different opponents. The fourth was by the Indians against the Athletics, the only time two cycles have occurred in the same series.
    • Earlier in 1933 the Cardinals and Phillies had cycles against each other in two different series in May. Frank Pearce took the loss for the Phillies in both games, one of them (above) won by Dizzy Dean in a 14-inning complete game.
  • 82% of cycles have come from batters in top 5 spots in the order.
  • 23 cycles (9.5%) have come from 23 different switch-hitters, but 16 of those 23 have been center-fielders and shortstops.
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John Autin
Editor
10 years ago

Could this be answered in a single P-I search?

Doug
Doug
10 years ago

No. Not from a single search.

AlbaNate
AlbaNate
10 years ago

Check out that 1930 season that Willoughby had. Three game scores below 10!

Doug
Doug
10 years ago
Reply to  AlbaNate

1930 is the right season for Willoughby. But, it’s not about game scores.

Mike L
Mike L
10 years ago
Reply to  AlbaNate

That 1930 season is fascinating. If you look at the league leaders, only two pitchers with an ERA of under 3, the league RPG were AL 5.41 and NL 5.68. The Phillies staff gave up 7.69 RPG. Willoughby himself gave up 147 Runs in 153 innings. A study of this might be interesting: do harsh conditions exacerbate the differences between pitchers.

bstar
10 years ago
Reply to  Mike L

Count me as one of the people who thinks eras of high offense do produce more variability among pitcher performance.

Maddux, Pedro, RJ, and Clemens put up peak numbers, at least rate-wise, as great as any in the history of baseball. Did pitching in the steroid era make it easier for them to appear more above-average than their counterparts?

Is the opposite true in the ’60s, an era of low offense? Was it harder for Koufax, Gibson, and Marichal to put up insanely high ERA+ numbers?

Interesting questions. No clear right-and-wrong answers.

mosc
mosc
10 years ago
Reply to  bstar

I agree with this! Runs are not linear and the accounting is a little off. Runs per game cannot be linearly corrected for. Fewer runs per game mean the importance of a run is higher. Places like Chavez Ravine and Coors field distort stats because they give disproportionate opportunities for success. Koufax gets hit the hardest by this. His peak is not seen well. Pitching a shutout at home for him was easier than pitching a shutout in a hitter friendly park to be sure but the weighting on that distorts how much more important preventing every single run was… Read more »

birtelcom
Editor
10 years ago
Reply to  mosc

The sabermetric criticisms I have read of b-ref’s ERA+ are that because it is not linear, it gives guys like Koufax too much credit, and guys like Pedro Martinez not enough credit.

http://www.hardballtimes.com/moving-beyond-era/

http://www.hardballtimes.com/tht-live/and-sandy-koufax/

http://skykalkman.tumblr.com/post/53519184478/my-twitter-rant-about-era-storified

mosc
mosc
10 years ago
Reply to  mosc

birtelcom, great links! I can’t read the third one for some reason. I basically agree, but I think they’re both missing the bigger picture. Probably not what you expected? ERA+ does over-compensate. Koufax’s ERA+ is higher than it would be if you compensated. I agree with that point. ERA+ though is a measure of how many earned runs you were better or worse than a league average pitcher pitching in the same ballpark. What it DOESN’T do is compensate for the value of the run prevention towards a W. That’s WAA, or if you want to put in some reference… Read more »

John Autin
Editor
10 years ago

Is it a purely pitching feat?

Doug
Doug
10 years ago
Reply to  John Autin

No. Also something about what the opposition does.

John Autin
Editor
10 years ago

Did the pitchers in question win any of the games?

Doug
Doug
10 years ago
Reply to  John Autin

The pitchers were a collective 1-4 with a ND.

Dean had the win.

John Autin
Editor
10 years ago

I’m sensing that Hack Wilson, Chick Hafey, Chuck Klein, Babe Herman, George Brett and Bob Watson could be involved.

But if so, I’m surprised there are just 3 pitchers to do that twice in a season.

Or I could be way off.

Voomo Zanzibar
Voomo Zanzibar
10 years ago
Reply to  John Autin

Would you mind explaining how you figured that out?

John Autin
Editor
10 years ago
Reply to  Voomo Zanzibar

Voomo, are you asking Doug, or me?

Doug
Doug
10 years ago
Reply to  Voomo Zanzibar

I got a list of cycle games from P-I showing just the two teams and the date (using Batting Game Finder, Find Number of Players Matching Criteria in a Game).

Pop that into a spreadsheet, create a pivot table based on season and opponent. Then just check the times one team had two cycles hit against them in the same season (not very many) and check those games. That will find the pitchers who did it twice in the same season (unless a pitcher changed teams mid-season and had one for each team; but that’s never happened).

Richard Chester
Richard Chester
10 years ago
Reply to  Doug

Doug: How did you ascertain “but that’s never happened” without searching all the games for a year with more than one occurrence of a cycle?

The PI goes back to 1914. My reference book shows that Fred Clarke hit for the cycle in 1901 and 1903.

Doug
Doug
10 years ago

I did check all 241. Took about 75 minutes.

John Autin
Editor
10 years ago
Reply to  Voomo Zanzibar

Voomo, if you’re asking me, here’s how I got it: Doug had said that 1930 was the year for Willoughby, so it was probably not going to be a *good* “feat” by the pitcher. And in checking his game log for 1930, I couldn’t find anything good that he’d done twice. So I focused on bad performances. But as badly as Willoughby pitched that year, I still couldn’t find any unusual repeats in his pitching lines. I looked at his highs in runs, hits, walks, HRs, etc., and ran a few P-I game searches. I noticed 2 games where he… Read more »

Joseph
Joseph
10 years ago

I can’t see how you can say the pitchers “accomplished” this.